Self-Concept, Identity and Personality Formation

Q1A man remembers more of the adjectives he judged to describe himself than adjectives he judged for a stranger. This best illustrates

D. Processing words in relation to a rich self-schema gives better encoding and retrieval, which is the self-reference effect. The spotlight effect concerns beliefs about being noticed, self-serving bias concerns attributions, and the looking-glass self concerns imagined judgments by others.

Q2A college junior chose engineering after trying several fields and now says, 'I am sure of it.' Marcia status:

A. Commitment after exploration is achievement. Foreclosure lacks exploration, moratorium lacks commitment, and diffusion lacks both.

Q3Gilligan criticized Kohlberg primarily because

A. Gilligan argued Kohlberg's all-male sample and justice focus undervalued a care orientation. Adolescents were included, moral reasoning was the target of his study, and the work used humans.

Q4A waiter is formal with customers but jokes freely in the kitchen. In Goffman's dramaturgical terms the kitchen is

D. Back stage is where the performance is dropped. The dining floor is front stage, a total institution is an enclosed setting like a prison, and the generalized other is Mead's concept.

Q5A child insists that she would turn into a boy if she cut her hair short. According to Kohlberg's account of gender understanding she lacks gender

B. Gender constancy is the understanding that gender persists despite changes in appearance and comes after identity and stability. Expression and orientation are not stages of gender understanding.